The RCCA along with others formed the Revolutionary Communist Organization of Afghanistan, which in 1991 proclaimed the establishment of the Communist Party of Afghanistan. The hardline Maoist organisations detached themselves from those who cooperated with the mujahideen, and in the late 1980s these groups formed the Revolutionary Communist Cell of Afghanistan. During this period, some communist groups became more closely aligned with Islamic mujahideen groups of a type they had previously opposed. The leaderless remnants of the Maoist movement formed several organizations to fight the PDPA regime and resist the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
Thousands of Maoists and their allies were killed. All people belonging to the Maoist movement were arrested and killed indiscriminately. When the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) came to power in a military coup in 1978, the PDPA regime declared their number one enemy to be the PYO led Maoist movement. Gulbadin Hekmatyar later became the leader of the Islamic Party of Afghanistan, who has been a key ally of the United States in the past. These government tactics led to physical confrontation between those who supported the Maoists and those who were against the Maoists, that resulted to the death of a prominent Maoist student leader Saydal Sokhandan, who was assassinated by Gulbadin Hekmatyar on the Kabul University campus. The government of the time used law enforcement and Islamic fundamentalists against Sholaye Jawid supporters. After publishing 11 issues, Sholaye Jawid was seized by government and its publication banned. Sholaye Jawid claimed to be a new-democratic journal, which was widely and openly circulated. The PYO leaders published a magazine called Sholaye Jawid. PYO remained an underground organization.
Akram Yari, a Maoist, was the leader of one these circles, who played a prominent role in the formation of PYO. A few circles of intellectuals and political activists came together to form the first communist organization to work for the goal of revolution in Afghanistan. These struggles led to the formation of Progressive Youth Organization. There were daily demonstrations, and street fighting between students, workers, and social justice activists and police and armed forces of King Zaher Shah of Afghanistan. The first communist organization in Afghanistan, Progressive Youth Organization (PYO) was formed in 1965.
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